José María Arguedas

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

José María Arguedas.

José María Arguedas Altamirano (18 January 1911 – 28 November 1969) was a Peruvian novelist, poet, andanthropologist who wrote mainly in Spanish, although some of his poetry is in Quechua. Arguedas was ethnicallymestizo, being of mixed Spanish and Quechua descent himself.^[1]

Generally considered one of the foremost figures of 20th century Peruvian letters, Arguedas was born in the province of Andahuaylas in the southern Peruvian Andes. He was brought up in poverty amongst Quechua Indians, and learned Quechua before Spanish. He studied anthropologyat the National University of San Marcos (Lima, Peru) and worked as an anthropologist for the rest of his life.

Contents [hide] 1 Career 2 Death 3 Selected works 3.1 Fiction 3.2 Poetry 3.3 Anthropology and Folkloric Studies 4 Sources 5 References 6 See also 7 External links

Career

Arguedas began by writing short stories about the indigenous environment in which he was brought up, in a Spanish highly influenced by Quechua syntax and vocabulary. By the time of his first novel, Yawar Fiesta (1941; the name means "Blood Festival"), he had begun to explore the theme that would obsess him for the rest of his career: the clash between white "civilization" and the indigenous, "traditional" way of life. In this he was part of the Indigenista movement in South American literature. He continued to explore this theme in his next two books Los Ríos Profundos ("Deep Rivers") (1958) and Todas las Sangres (1964). His work showed the violence and exploitation of race relations in Peru's small rural towns and haciendas, while portraying Indian characters as gentle and childlike.^[2]

Arguedas was moderately optimistic about the possibility of a rapprochement between the forces of "tradition" and the forces of "modernity" until the 1960s, when he became more pessimistic. In his last (unfinished) work, El zorro de arriba y el zorro de abajo ("The Fox From Up Above and the Fox From Down Below") (1969), he abandoned the realism of his earlier works for a more postmodern approach. This novel expressed his despair, caused by his fear that the 'primitive' ways of the Indians could not survive the onslaught of modern technology and capitalism. At the same time that Arguedas was becoming more pessimistic about race relations in his country, younger indigenist intellectuals became increasingly militant, often criticizing his work in harsh terms for his poetic, romanticized treatment of indigenous and rural life.^[3]

Death

In a deep depression, Arguedas committed suicide by gunshot in 1969.^[3]

Selected works

Fiction

• 1935 - Agua. Los escoleros. Warma kuyay. Collection of short stories.
• 1941 - Yawar fiesta ("Blood River"). Novel. Revised in 1958. English translation: Yawar Fiesta, translated by Frances Horning Barraclough (University of Texas Press, 1985).
• 1953 - "La muerte de los hermanos Arango." Short story.
• 1954 - Diamantes y pedernales. Novel.
• 1958 - Los ríos profundos. Novel. English translation: Deep Rivers, translated by Frances Horning Barraclough (University of Texas Press, 1978).
• 1961 - El Sexto. Novel, based on Arguedas's experiences in the federal prison El Sexto in 1938.
• 1962 - "La agonía de Rasu Ñiti." Short story.
• 1964 - Todas las sangres. Novel.
• 1965 - El sueño del pongo: Cuento quechua. Pongoq mosqoynin; qatqa runapa willakusqan. Bilingual (Quechua/Spanish) story, published as a pamphlet.
• 1967 - Amor mundo y todos los cuentos. Collection of short stories.
• 1971 - El zorro de arriba y el zorro de abajo. Unfinished novel, published posthumously. Describes the crises that would lead to his suicide. English translation: The Fox from Up Above and the Fox from Down Below, translated by Frances Horning Barraclough (University of Pittsburgh Press, 2000).
• 1973 - Cuentos olvidados. Posthumous collection of short stories.

Poetry

Arguedas wrote his poems in Quechua and later translated them into Spanish.

• 1962 - Túpac Amaru Kamaq taytanchisman. Haylli-taki. A nuestro padre creador Túpac Amaru.
• 1966 - Oda al jet.
• 1969 - Qollana Vietnam Llaqtaman / Al pueblo excelso de Vietnam.
• 1972 - Katatay y otros poemas. Huc jayllikunapas. Published posthumously in a bilingual edition (Quechua and Spanish) by Sybila Arredondo de Arguedas.

Anthropology and Folkloric Studies

• 1938 - Canto kechwa. Includes an essay on the artistic and creative abilities of Indians and mestizos. Bilingua edition (Quechua and Spanish), compiled while Arguedas was imprisoned for participating in a student protest.
• 1947 - Mitos, leyendas y cuentos peruanos. Quechua myths, legends, and tales, collected by school teachers in the Andes, edited and translated into Spanish by Arguedas and Francisco Izquierdo Ríos.
• 1949 - Canciones y cuentos del pueblo quechua. Published in English translation as The Singing Mountaineers: Songs and Tales of the Quechua People, edited by Ruth Stephan (University of Texas Press, 1957).
• 1953 - Cuentos mágico-realistas y canciones de fiestas tradicionales - Folclor del valle del Mantaro.
• 1956 - Puquio, una cultura en proceso de cambio.
• 1957 - Estudio etnográfico de la feria de Huancayo.
• 1957 - Evolución de las comunidades indígenas.
• 1958 - El arte popular religioso y la cultura mestiza.
• 1961 - Cuentos mágico-religiosos quechuas de Lucanamarca.
• 1966 - Poesía quechua.
• 1968 - Las comunidades de España y del Perú.
• 1975 - Señores e indios: Acerca de la cultura quechua. Posthumous collection, edited by Ángel Rama.
• 1976 - Formación de una cultura nacional indoamericana. Posthumous collection, edited by Ángel Rama.

Sources

• José Alberto Portugal, Las novelas de José María Arguedas: Una incursión en lo inarticulado. (2007) Editorial Fondo PUCP. ISBN 9972428012
• Elena Aibar Ray, Identidad y resistencia cultural en las obras de José María Arguedas. (1992) Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú.
• Antonio Cornejo Polar, Los universos narrativos de José María Arguedas. (1997) Editorial Horizonte.
• Ciro A. Sandoval and Sandra M. Boschetto-Sandoval (eds), Jose Maria Arguedas. (1998) Ohio University Press. ISBN 0-89680-200-0
• Sergio R. Franco, editor, José María Arguedas: hacia una poética migrante. (2006) Instituto Internacional de Literatura Iberoamericana. ISBN 1-930744-22-6
• Wilfredo Kapsoli (compliador), Zorros al fin del milenio: actas y ensayos del seminario sobre la última novela de José María Arguedas. (2004) Universidad Ricardo Palma/Centro de Investigación.ISBN 9972-885-75-5
• Misha Kokotovic, The colonial divide in Peruvian narrative: social conflict and transculturation. (2005) Sussex Academic Press. ISBN 1-84519-029-7
• Aymará de Llano, Pasión y agonía: la escritura de José María de Arguedas. (2004) Centro de Estudios Literarios 'Antonio Cornejo Polar'/Editorial Martin. ISBN 0-9747750-1-0
• Amy Nauss Millay, Voices from the fuente viva: the effect of orality in twentieth-century Spanish American narrative. (2005) Bucknell University Press. ISBN 0-8387-5594-1
• Melisa Moore, En las encruciadas: Las ciencias sociales y la novela en el Perú. (2003) Fondo Editorial Universiad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos. ISBN 9972-46-211-0
• Melisa Moore, “Between two worlds: the poetics of ethnographic representation in José Mara Arguedas' Las comunidades de España y del Perú,” Bulletin of Spanish Studies 81, no. 2 (2004): 175-185.
• Alberto Moreiras, The Exhaustion of Difference: the politics of Latin American cultural studies. (2001 ) Duke University Press. ISBN 0-8223-2726-0 (cloth) 0822327244 (pbk.)
• Silverio Muñoz, José María Arguedas y el mito de la salvación por la cultura. (1987) Editorial Horizonte.
• Mario Vargas Llosa, La Utopia Arcaica: Jose Maria Arguedas y Las Ficciones del Indigenismo. (1997) Fonode Cultura Económica.
• Thomas Ward, "Arguedas: su alabanza del mestizo cultural", La resistencia cultural: la nación en el ensayo de las Américas. (2004) Universidad Ricardo Palma/Editorial Universitaria. ISBN 9972-885-78-X
• Sales Salvador, Dora (2004) Puentes sobre el mundo: Cultura, traducción y forma literaria en las narrativas de transculturación de José María Arguedas y Vikram Chandra. Nueva York/Bern/Frankfurt: Peter Lang. ISBN 3-03910-359-8
• Sales, Dora (ed.) (2009) José María Arguedas. Qepa wiñaq… Siempre. Literatura y antropología. Prólogo de Sybila de Arguedas. Edición crítica de Dora Sales. Madrid/Frankfurt: Iberoamericana/Vervuert. Colección “El Fuego Nuevo. Textos Recobrados”. ISBN: 978-84-8489-433-9 (Iberoamericana); 978-3-86527-490-8 (Vervuert)

References

1. ^ Ilan Stavans (1995). The Hispanic Condition: Reflections on Culture and Identity in America.HarperCollins. p. 96. ISBN 0060170050.
2. ^ Mario Vargas Llosa, La utopía arcaica. José María Arguedas y las ficciones del indigenismo (Mexico City: Fondo de Cultura Económica, 1996).
3. ^ ^{a b} "José María Arguedas". Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved August 30, 2009.

See also

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Jose María Arguedas

• Web site of Arguedas
• Ciberayllu, a Spanish-language webzine, has a section called Arguediana, dedicated exclusively to José María Arguedas. Includes critical essays, biographic data, and some audio excerpts with the writer's voice.
• The Pongo's Dream: a short story by Arguedas available online
• A description of the political scene in Peru in the late 1980s. Arguedas' poem 'A call to certain academics' is quoted in full at the end of the article.
• "Jose Maria Arguedas: Godfather of Liberationism", by Stephen B. Wall-Smith
• Arguedas, from Posthegemony
• gonzaloportocarrero.blogsome.com/2006/06/01/todas-las-sangres/, by Gonzalo Portocarrero
• Video of life and work
• Fuente:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Mar%C3%ADa_Arguedas